Risk factors and protection of occupational exposure of midwives
助产士职业暴露的高危因素与防护

摘要

助产工作的性质决定了助产士将分娩和护理结合起来，在分娩过程中，助产士比产科医生花费更多的时间陪伴产妇，因此能够更细致地捕捉到产妇在整个分娩过程中细微的生理和心理变化。由于其工作职责，助产士需要接触到产妇的血液、羊水、阴道分泌物和其他感染因素，这可能会对其身心健康产生不利影响。医务人员诊断和治疗过程中，患者的血液、体液很容易被医务人员接触，并致感染。产房的环境较特殊，属于封闭式的，所接诊的患者均为孕产妇，产妇分娩期间，会有血液、羊水、阴道分泌物等与助产士直接接触，这些都是职业感染的危险因素，如果防护措施不合理，操作不当，那么感染医源性经血液传播疾病的风险非常高。如果助产士保护意识淡薄、缺乏保护知识和保护措施执行不力，可能会增加感染传染病的风险。因此，要充分认识职业伤害的危险因素，加强综合管理，积极有效地进行防护。故，对职业性损伤的危险因素要具有较高的认知性，将具有综合性的管理措施加强，促使防护措施增强，确保在工作中有效进行。门诊应加强妊娠管理，确保每一位孕妇都能定期进行常规检查，并及早发现和注意一些隐藏的传染病，从而减少助产士被感染的机率。还需要对助产士进行教育，让她们了解保护自己免受职业暴露的必要性，同时将其自身技能有效提升，从而促使助产士工作质量的有效性以及安全性很大程度提升。

Abstract

The nature of midwifery work determines that midwives will combine labor and nursing. In the process of childbirth, midwives spend more time with puerpera than obstetricians, so they can more carefully capture the subtle physical and psychological changes of puerpera during the whole process of childbirth. Because of their duties, midwives are exposed to the mother's blood, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions and other infectious factors, which may adversely affect her physical and mental health. In the process of diagnosis and treatment by medical staff, patients' blood and body fluids are easily touched by medical staff and may cause infection. Room environment is more special, belongs to the closed, the departments of patients are maternal, mothers during childbirth, there will be blood, amniotic fluid, such as vaginal secretion, direct contact with the midwife these are risk factors of occupational infection, if you don't reasonable protective measures, improper operation, so the risk of infection, iatrogenic transmission through blood disease is very high. Poor awareness, knowledge and implementation of protective measures by midwives may increase the risk of contracting infectious diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the risk factors of occupational injuries, strengthen comprehensive management, and actively and effectively carry out protection. Therefore, the risk factors of occupational injury should have a high cognitive, will have comprehensive management measures to strengthen, promote the enhancement of protective measures, to ensure effective in the work. Pregnancy management should be strengthened to ensure that every pregnant woman has regular check-ups, and early detection and attention to hidden infectious diseases, so as to reduce the chance of midwives being infected. Midwives also need to be educated about the need to protect themselves from occupational exposure and to improve their skills so that the quality and safety of midwives' work can be greatly improved.