摘要
随着人口老龄化进程加快，老年肝胆疾病发病率逐年攀升，手术治疗仍是临床首选方案，但老年患者机体机能衰退、合并症多，术后康复速度慢、并发症发生率高，传统护理模式已难以满足临床需求。加速康复护理（ERAS）以循证医学为基础，通过优化围手术期全流程护理措施，减少手术应激反应、降低并发症风险、缩短康复周期，已广泛应用于老年肝胆手术患者护理中。本文系统梳理老年肝胆手术患者加速康复护理的最新研究进展，从术前、术中、术后护理及特殊人群干预等方面展开论述，分析当前护理实践中存在的问题与未来发展方向，为临床制定科学、个体化的加速康复护理方案提供参考，助力老年患者快速康复、提升生活质量。
关键词： 老年患者；肝胆手术；加速康复护理；围手术期护理；研究进展
Abstract
With the accelerating aging population, the incidence of hepatobiliary diseases in elderly patients has been rising annually. Surgical intervention remains the preferred clinical approach; however, elderly patients often exhibit declined physiological functions, multiple comorbidities, slower postoperative recovery, and higher complication rates, rendering traditional nursing models inadequate to meet clinical demands. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), grounded in evidence-based medicine, optimizes comprehensive perioperative nursing measures to reduce surgical stress responses, lower complication risks, and shorten recovery periods. It has been widely adopted in the care of elderly hepatobiliary surgery patients. This article systematically reviews the latest research advancements in ERAS for elderly hepatobiliary surgery patients, examining preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care as well as interventions for special populations. It analyzes current challenges in nursing practice and future development directions, providing references for formulating scientific, individualized ERAS protocols to facilitate rapid recovery and improve quality of life in elderly patients.
Key words： Elderly patients; Hepatobiliary surgery; Enhanced recovery after surgery; Perioperative care; Research progress
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