Research on the development and application of a standardized training program based on clustered nursing theory for junior nurses in hepatobiliary surgery
基于集束化理论的规范化培训方案在肝胆外科低年资护士中的构建与应用研究

摘要

目的 探讨集束化护理模式在低年资肝胆专科护士科室规范化培训中的应用效果。方法 选取我院肝胆外科2022年1月至2024年12月新入职的低年资护士（n=40）作为研究对象，随机分为试验组（n=20）和对照组（n=20）。对照组采用传统“师带徒”跟班模式进行培训，试验组实施基于集束化护理理念构建的规范化培训方案。比较两组护士培训后的理论考核成绩、操作技能评分、核心能力测评得分、独立当班准备度以及患者对护理工作的满意度。结果 培训结束后，试验组在理论考核、操作技能、临床判断、不良事件案例分析、沟通协作、专业发展等核心能力维度上的得分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。集束化培训显著增强了低年资护士的职业自我效能感，缩短了其岗位胜任力达标周期。此外，患者对试验组护士的护理满意度也显著提升。结论 将集束化护理模式应用于低年资肝胆专科护士的培训中，能有效整合培训资源，标准化关键流程，显著提升培训的系统性和有效性，有助于快速、高效地培养出符合肝胆专科要求的临床护理人才，值得临床推广应用。

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the clustered nursing model in standardized training for junior hepatobiliary specialty nurses.
Methods A total of 40 newly hired junior nurses from the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery between January 2022 and December 2024 were enrolled as study subjects and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=20) or a control group (n=20). The control group received traditional mentorship-based training, while the experimental group underwent a standardized training program grounded in clustered nursing principles. Post-training outcomes included theoretical assessment scores, operational skill ratings, core competency evaluations, readiness for independent shift duties, and patient satisfaction with nursing care.
Results Following training, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group in all core competency dimensions—including theoretical knowledge, practical skills, clinical judgment, adverse event case analysis, communication collaboration, and professional development (P<0.05). The clustered training markedly enhanced junior nurses' professional self-efficacy and shortened their time to achieve competency standards. Additionally, patient satisfaction with nursing care provided by the experimental group nurses showed significant improvement.
Conclusion   The application of the bundled nursing care model in the training of junior hepatobiliary specialty nurses effectively integrates training resources, standardizes key workflows, and significantly enhances the systematicness and effectiveness of training. This approach facilitates the rapid and efficient cultivation of clinical nursing professionals meeting the requirements of hepatobiliary specialty, making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.