A study on the impact of an integrated medical-nursing-management training program for venous thromboembolism on healthcare professionals’ professional cognition and practical ability: based on a questionnaire survey
基于问卷调查的静脉血栓培训对医护人员专业认知与实践能力的影响研究

摘要

目的 针对西藏高原地区静脉血栓栓塞症（Venous Thromboembolism, VTE）防控的特殊性，探讨培训对医护人员VTE专业认知水平、防控态度及实践能力的影响，为优化高原地区VTE防控培训体系、降低VTE发病率与病死率提供理论依据和实践参考。方法 采用整群抽样法，选取2024年12月至2025年11月林芝市人民医院参与VTE培训的95名医护人员为研究对象。采用自行设计的《VTE防控知信行调查问卷》（经专家函询法检验，内容效度指数CVI=0.92，内部一致性信度Cronbach'sα=0.87），于培训前及培训结束后1个月进行问卷调查，比较培训前后研究对象在VTE知识掌握、防控态度及实践行为维度的差异。结果 培训后医护人员VTE知识总分由（16.42±3.15）分提升至（21.58±2.47）分，差异有统计学意义（t=14.286，P＜0.001）；各知识条目正确率均显著提高，其中“Caprini评分意义”“VTE危险因素”等条目正确率提升幅度超过30%（P均＜0.001）。态度维度均分由（3.82±0.76）分增至（4.51±0.62）分，行为维度均分由（3.28±0.84）分增至（4.12±0.73）分，差异均有高度统计学意义（P均＜0.001）。分层分析显示，工龄＞10年、高级职称医护人员在知识维度提升更显著（P＜0.05），而初级职称、工龄≤5年医护人员在行为维度改善更明显（P＜0.05）。结论 培训能有效提升高原地区医护人员VTE防控的专业认知与实践能力，且针对不同特征医护人员呈现差异化提升效果。该培训模式可弥补高原医学领域VTE防控培训短板，推动VTE防控工作规范化、系统化开展，为高原地区医疗质量安全提升提供重要支撑。

Abstract

Objective Given the particularity of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) prevention and control in the Tibetan plateau region, this study aimed to explore the impact of an integrated medical-nursing-management training program on healthcare professionals’ VTE-related professional cognition, prevention attitudes, and practical abilities. It provides theoretical and practical references for optimizing the VTE prevention and control training system in plateau areas and reducing the incidence and mortality of VTE.
Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 95 healthcare professionals from Nyingchi People’s Hospital who participated in the integrated medical-nursing-management training for VTE from December 2024 to November 2025. A self-designed “VTE Prevention Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire” (validated by expert consultation with content validity index CVI=0.92 and internal consistency reliability Cronbach's α=0.87) was used to conduct surveys before training and one month after training completion. Differences in VTE knowledge mastery, prevention attitudes, and practical behaviors among the subjects were compared.
Results After training, the total score of VTE knowledge among healthcare professionals increased from (16.42±3.15) to (21.58±2.47), with a statistically significant difference (t=14.286, P＜0.001). The correct rate of all knowledge items significantly improved, among which the correct rate of items such as “significance of Caprini score” and “VTE risk factors” increased by more than 30% (all P＜0.001). The average score of the attitude dimension increased from (3.82±0.76) to (4.51±0.62), and the average score of the behavior dimension increased from (3.28±0.84) to (4.12±0.73), with highly statistically significant differences (all P＜0.001). Stratified analysis showed that healthcare professionals with more than 10 years of work experience and senior professional titles had more significant improvements in the knowledge dimension (P＜0.05), while those with primary professional titles and ≤5 years of work experience had more obvious improvements in the behavior dimension (P＜0.05).
Conclusion   The integrated medical-nursing-management training can effectively enhance the professional cognition and practical abilities of healthcare professionals in plateau areas regarding VTE prevention and control, with differentiated improvement effects among professionals with different characteristics. This training model can make up for the shortcomings of VTE prevention and control training in plateau medicine, promote the standardized and systematic development of VTE prevention and control work, and provide important support for the improvement of medical quality and safety in plateau areas.