Risk warning and safety management for orthopedic patients
骨科患者的护理风险预警与安全管理

摘要

近年来，随着交通、工业事故发生率的上升，骨折等骨科疾病发病率呈现逐年递增趋势。与此同时，我国人口老龄化进程不断加剧，骨科患者中老年人群占比较高，多合并高血压、糖尿病等基础疾病，肢体活动受限、治疗周期较长，导致在治疗恢复期间面临诸多安全风险。据统计，骨科患者住院期间的不良事件发生率可达到8%~12%，其中包括压疮、感染、深静脉血栓等，不仅增加患者的痛苦与医疗支出，还可能导致病情加重，延长康复时间，甚至对其生命健康造成威胁。为保证医疗安全，提高医疗质量水平，临床针对骨科患者采取护理风险预警与安全管理，前者通过识别潜在风险因素，对风险因素进行评估与监测，以实现对骨科不良事件发生情况的提前预判；后者则在风险预警基础上，制定相应的风险干预措施，以针对性管控防范风险。在长期的骨科临床实践与研究过程中，目前国内外学者对骨折患者风险预警模型构建、安全管理策略优化等方面已取得了显著的成果。基于此，文章综合梳理国内外相关文献资料，分析骨科患者常见的安全风险类型，综述骨科患者护理风险体系的构建方法，探索骨科患者风险安全管理策略，以期为骨科临床护理工作提供理论支持和实践指导，降低骨科不良事件发生率，为患者医疗安全提供切实的保障。

Abstract

In recent years, with the increasing incidence of traffic and industrial accidents, the prevalence of orthopedic diseases such as fractures has shown a year-on-year upward trend. Concurrently, the aging population in China continues to accelerate, with a higher proportion of elderly patients in orthopedic departments, often comorbid with underlying conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Limited limb mobility and prolonged treatment cycles expose these patients to numerous safety risks during recovery. According to statistics, the incidence of adverse events during orthopedic hospitalization can reach 8%–12%, including pressure ulcers, infections, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These not only increase patient suffering and medical expenses but may also exacerbate conditions, prolong rehabilitation periods, and even threaten life and health. To ensure medical safety and improve healthcare quality, clinical practice has adopted risk warning and safety management strategies for orthopedic patients. The former involves identifying potential risk factors, assessing and monitoring them to achieve early prediction of orthopedic adverse events, while the latter entails formulating targeted risk intervention measures based on risk warnings to effectively control and prevent risks. Through long-term clinical practice and research in orthopedics, domestic and international scholars have achieved significant progress in constructing risk warning models for fracture patients and optimizing safety management strategies. Based on this, the article comprehensively reviews relevant domestic and international literature, analyzes common safety risk types in orthopedic patients, summarizes the construction methods of the risk management system for orthopedic patients, and explores risk management strategies for orthopedic patients. The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for clinical nursing in orthopedics, reduce the incidence of adverse events in orthopedics, and offer concrete safeguards for patient medical safety.