Study on airway management optimization and complications prevention and nursing care of patients with cerebral hemorrhage in pre-hospital first aid
院前急救中脑出血患者的气道管理优化与并发症预防护理研究

摘要

目的 探索院前急救中脑出血患者的气道管理优化与并发症预防护理对策。方法 选择2024年1-6月住院治疗的220例脑出血患者作为对照组，采用传统的呼吸道治疗法；选择2024年7月至2025年1月住院的230例脑出血患者作为观察组，实施优化气道管理方案。比较两组患者的气道处理指标、并发症发生率和预后情况。结果 观察组首次气道操作成功率为94.3%，对照组首次气道操作成功率为72.7%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组肺部感染发生率（12.6%）显著低于对照组（28.6%），窒息发生率显著低于对照组（8.2%），差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 基于分级评估的阶梯式气道管理方案能快速建立有效气道，降低肺部感染等并发症风险，尤其适合以急诊内科为主导的医疗机构推广应用。

Abstract

Objective To explore the airway management optimization of patients with cerebral hemorrhage in pre-hospital first aid and the prevention and nursing countermeasures of complications.
Methods 220 patients with cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized from January to June in 2024 were selected as the control group, and the traditional respiratory therapy was used. 230 patients with cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized from July 2024 to January 2025 were selected as the observation group, and the optimized airway management scheme was implemented. The airway management index, complication rate and prognosis of the two groups were compared.
Results The success rate of the first airway operation in the observation group was 94.3%, while that in the control group was 72.7%, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection (12.6%) and asphyxia (8.2%) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (28.6%), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   The step-by-step airway management scheme based on grading evaluation can quickly establish an effective airway and reduce the risk of complications such as pulmonary infection, which is especially suitable for popularization and application in medical institutions dominated by emergency medicine.