The effect of continuous nursing after anal fistula surgery on reducing recurrence and improving the quality of life
肛瘘术后延续性护理对减少复发及提升生活质量效果

摘要

目的 评估延续性护理方案在降低肛瘘术后患者复发风险及改善生活质量中的应用效果。方法 选取2023年1月至2025年1月于本院肛肠外科行肛瘘切除术的患者100例，采用随机数字表法分为对照组（n=50）与观察组（n=50）。对照组实施肛肠术后常规护理，观察组采用延续性护理方案，具体包括系统化出院指导、阶段性规律随访、远程健康管理及针对性心理干预。结果 观察组术后6个月复发率为4.0%，显著低于对照组的16.0%。SF-36量表测评结果显示，观察组在生理机能（PF）、生理职能（RP）、躯体疼痛（BP）、总体健康（GH）、活力（VT）、社会功能（SF）、情感职能（RE）及精神健康（MH）八个维度的评分均显著高于对照组（p<0.05）。在护理依从性方面，观察组患者在伤口护理、规范用药、定期复诊、饮食控制及生活方式调整等维度的依从率均显著优于对照组（p<0.01）。结论 系统化、多维度的延续性护理方案能够有效降低肛瘘术后复发风险，全面提升患者术后生活质量，该方案通过实现院内治疗向家庭康复的无缝衔接，显著增强了患者自我健康管理能力，具有重要的临床应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the application effect of continuous nursing programs in reducing the recurrence risk and improving the quality of life of patients after anal fistula surgery.
Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent anal fistula resection in the Anorectal surgery department of our hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected and divided into the control group (n=50) and the observation group (n=50) by random number table method. The control group received routine postoperative care for anorectal diseases, while the observation group adopted a continuous nursing plan, which specifically included systematic discharge guidance, periodic regular follow-up, remote health management and targeted psychological intervention.
Results The recurrence rate of the observation group 6 months after the operation was 4.0%, significantly lower than 16.0% of the control group. The assessment results of the SF-36 scale showed that the scores of the observation group in the eight dimensions of physical function (PF), physical role (RP), physical pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social function (SF), emotional role (RE), and mental health (MH) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). In terms of nursing compliance, the compliance rates of patients in the observation group in dimensions such as wound care, standardized medication use, regular follow-up visits, diet control, and lifestyle adjustment were significantly better than those in the control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion   A systematic and multi-dimensional continuous nursing program can effectively reduce the risk of recurrence after anal fistula surgery and comprehensively improve the postoperative quality of life of patients. This program significantly enhances patients' self-health management ability by achieving seamless connection from in-hospital treatment to family rehabilitation, and has important clinical application value.