Observation on the effect of evidence-based nursing intervention in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris
老年冠心病心绞痛患者的循证护理干预作用观察

摘要

目的 本研究旨在探讨循证护理干预对老年冠心病心绞痛患者的临床效果。研究通过比较循证护理与常规护理的效果，评估其对患者症状缓解、生活质量及并发症控制的影响。方法 选取我院2023年3月至2024年3月收治的60例老年冠心病心绞痛患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各30例。观察组采用循证护理干预，包括个性化护理方案、健康教育、心理支持等；对照组接受常规护理干预。主要评估指标为心绞痛发作次数、发作持续时间、生活质量评分（SF-36）以及不良反应发生率。研究数据使用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行分析，采用t检验和卡方检验，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 研究显示，观察组患者的心绞痛发作次数显著减少，平均每月发作次数由干预前的4.8±1.2次降至1.9±0.8次（P<0.01）；发作持续时间缩短，平均由15.6±3.5分钟降至8.4±2.1分钟（P<0.01）。此外，观察组患者的SF-36生活质量评分显著提高，干预后评分为75.3±6.2分，而对照组为62.7±5.9分（P<0.01）。不良反应发生率方面，观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05），观察组不良反应发生率为10%，对照组为26.7%。结论 循证护理干预能够有效改善老年冠心病心绞痛患者的临床症状，提高生活质量，并减少不良反应的发生率。该护理模式为老年冠心病患者提供了更全面的护理支持，建议在临床护理中广泛推广应用。

Abstract

Objective This study aims to explore the clinical effect of evidence-based nursing intervention on elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. The study compares the effects of evidence-based nursing and routine nursing to evaluate its impact on patient symptom relief, quality of life, and complication control.
Methods 60 elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The observation group adopted evidence-based nursing intervention, including personalized nursing plans, health education, psychological support, etc.; the control group received routine nursing intervention. The main evaluation indicators are the number of angina pectoris attacks, attack duration, quality of life score (SF-36) and the incidence of adverse reactions. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software, using t test and chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference.
Results the study showed that the number of angina pectoris attacks in the observation group was significantly reduced, with the average number of attacks per month reduced from 4.8±1.2 times before intervention to 1.9±0.8 times (P<0.01); the duration of attacks was shortened, from 15.6±3.5 times on average. minutes dropped to 8.4±2.1 minutes (P<0.01). In addition, the SF-36 quality of life score of patients in the observation group was significantly improved, with a post-intervention score of 75.3±6.2 points, compared with 62.7±5.9 points in the control group (P<0.01). In terms of the incidence of adverse reactions, the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 10%, and that in the control group was 26.7%.
Conclusion   Evidence-based nursing intervention can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, improve their quality of life, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. This nursing model provides more comprehensive nursing support for elderly patients with coronary heart disease and is recommended to be widely promoted and applied in clinical care.